Basic Biological Science

Biology - Is the study of life.

Life - The actual definition of life is yet been established, according the views of modern science the definition of life – is nothing but the activities of Protoplasm.

Anatomy - Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.

Physiology - Physiology is the study of the functions of normal human body.

Read more »

Pharma

Training manual for pharma field force. That is a very helpful manual informations of Basic biological science, Cell, Tissue, Eye, Ear, Skin, Systems of human body, skeletal system, Muscular System, Organs of Digestive System, Urinary System, Respiratory System, Classification of Nervous System, Endocrine System, Limbic System, Reproductive System, Lymphatic System, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Detailing practice. Product Information's, Detailing Practice on pharma & pharma, Selling Skill etc.

Read more »

Posted in: books for pharma,guide for pharma,help for pharma training for pharma,instructions for pharma,pharma tips,tips for healthcare,Training manual for pharma field force

Type of Cell

Cell is the structural & functional unit of living organism.

Type of cell:

On the basis of the structure of nucleus cell is of two types –

1. Prokaryotic cell (e.g Bacteria)
2. Eukaryotic cell (e.g Human cell)

On the basis of physiological function cell is of two types -

1. Somatic cell (Body cell)
2. Sex cell (Reproductive cell)

Function of a cell: 

1. Function & assimilation – the process by which food substances are taken into the cells of the body after they have been digested & absorbed.

2. Growth & repair – Development & regeneration of organs.

3. Metabolism – the sum of all the chemical & physical changes that takes place within the body.

4. Respiration – the process of gaseous exchange.

5. Excretion - elimination of wastes product from the body.

6. Irritability & conductivity – Response to stimuli & communication with other cell.

Organelles (components) of cell:

A cell consists of –

1. Cell membrane – a semi-permeable membrane covering protoplasm. It protect the cell organelles.

2. protoplasm – it consist of Cytoplasm & Nucleus.

3. Cytoplasm – Except nucleus the rest of cell body is called Cytoplasm.

Organelles of Cytoplasm :

1. It consist of-
2. mitochondria: Rod-lide structure & is called power house of cell. Energy stored as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is a system of interconnecting membrane bound channels within the cytoplasm. Participate in protein synthesis.
4. Golgy body : Canal – like structure that helps in synthesis of carbohydrate cell membrane.
5. Lysosome:  Are tiny granules composed of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) (65% & Protein (35%). It consists of subunits: Large – 50s & Smaller – 30s. Synthesize cytoplasmic protein.

Nucleus:

Centrally located a round mass is called nucleus. It is separated from cytoplasm gy a nuclear membrane. It contains 46 chromosomes of which 23 from mother & 23 from father that contain genes. Genes are composed of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid – double helix structure of (chromosomes).

Chromosome:

There is some chromatin threads present in
the nucleus, called chromosome.
Chromosomes are the vital to the
everyday activities of the cell &
responsible for determining the hereditary
characteristics of the human body.

Functions of Nucleus:

1. It produces Ribosome.
2. Synthesize RNA & protein.
3. It inherits the character to the offspring through genes.
4. It influences growth & initiates divisions or reproduction of cell.

Parts of nucleus

1. Nuclear membrane
2. Nucleoplasm
3. Nucleolus
4. Nuclear reticulum or chromatin.

Structure of a cell

Read more »

Posted in: about cells,cell,cell structure,cells structure and function,types of cell,what is a human cell

Types of Tissue

Collection of cell having similar structure & performing a common physiological function is called tissue.

Types of Tissue:

1. Epithelial tissue: Covering the external & internal body surfaces. e.g. – Skin, internal covering of GIT.
2. Connective tissue: Connects different structures of the body & also helps to provide framework of the body. e.g. – Blood, Bones.
3. Muscular tissue;: Muscular tissues make up the major part of the soft tissues of the body & by means of its contraction power helps in locomotion. e.g. – Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle.
4. Nervous tissue: Nervous tissue is highly specialized tissue which controls & co-ordinates the body functions by forming nervous system. e.g – Neuralgia, White matter, Grey matter.

Read more »

Posted in: connective tissu,epithelial tissues,muscle tissue,nervous system,tissues,types of tissue,what is physiological

The Human Ear

The ear is the organ of hearing & also plays an important part in the maintenance of balance. It has three parts- outer, middle & inner. The outer ear consists of ear canal & eardrum. The middle ear consists of ear ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes), Eustachian tube & Cavity. The inner ear consist of semicircular canals, fenestra ovalis, vestibule cochlear nerve, fenestra rotunda &  cochlea.

The Ear

Read more »

Posted in: anatomy ear,ear diagram,hearing,parts of the ear,the ear