Pharmacology

Greek Word “Pharmacon” means drug & “Logos” means knowledge. so, Pharmacology is the science of drug, which deals with the detail study of sources, chemical nature, therapeutic & other uses & side effects of drugs.

Types of Pharmacology –

1, Pharmacokinetics

2, Pharmacodynamics

1, Pharmacodynamics

Greek word Kinesis means movement. Pharmacokinetics deals with the study of absorption. distribution, metabolism (biotransformation) & excretion of drugs.

in short, what the body does to the drug is Pharmacokinetics.

Pharmacokinetics deals with ADME i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation) & excretion of drugs.

Absorption

Absorption means the passage of drugs from its site administration into systemic circulation through some barrier or biological membrane.

Distribution

Spreading of a drug throughout the body in tissue & plasma after administration of a drug

is called distribution of drug. Some of the areas of the body are not accessible to drug due to anatomic barrier (B.B.B).

Metabolism (biotransformation)

Molecular Alteration of a drug within the living body by the action of enzyme is called (biotransformation) or metabolism.

Excretion

Removal of unchanged & its metabolism (products of metabolism) from the body (by the kidney & liver, the major drug eliminating organs in the body, also bile, sweat, saliva, gastric juice & lungs).

2.pharmacodynamic –

pharmacodynamic deals with the bioch biochemical & physiological effect & the mechanism of actions of drugs in the body. In short Pharmacodynamics means what a drug does with the body.

Mechanism of Action – Mechanism of action is the way by which a drug exerts its effect.

Side effect – Unwanted effect of drug in the body.

Drug interaction – When a drug changes its action by combining with other drug.

Route of Drug Administration

1, Enteral - Oral, Rectal, Vaginal, Sublingual.

2, Parenteral - Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous, Intra arterial

3, Transdermal - within the skin.

4, Topical – local application, e.g., Ointment.

5, Inhalation - Inhaler.

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Dosage Form – These are the forms in which medicinal agents are administered or supplied. Every dosage form contains active ingredients & excipients.

Types of Dosage Form

1, Solid form - Tablet, Capsule, Suppository, Pill, Powder.

2, Semi-Solid form - Ointment, Cream, Lotion, Gel.

3, Liquid form - Syrup, Solution, Suspension, Emulsion, Injectable.

4, Gaseous form - inhaler.