Organs of Digestive System

Digestion: it is a physiological process by which complex complex food particles are broken down into simple form for absorption & subsequent utilization.

Organs of Digestive System:

Gastrointestinal Tract

1, Oral Cavity (Mouth)
2, Oropharynx

3, Esophagus
4, Stomach
5, Small Intestine

a)      Duodenum

b)      Jejunum

c)      Ileum

6, Large Intestine –

a. Caecum                             b. Ascending Colon

c. Transverse Colon                d. Descending Colon

e. Sigmoid Colon                    f. Rectum,

g. Anal Canal                         h. Anus.

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Accessory Organ

1, Teeth
2, Tongue
3, Salivary gland
4, Pancreas
5, Liver
6, Gallbladder

Gastrointestinal Gland

1, Salivary gland
2, Pancreas
3, Liver
4, Gallbladder

Functions of Digestive System:

1, Ingestion – The process by which food is taken into the Digestive tract.
2, Digestion – the process in which ingested food is broken down in the Digestive tract into 

                      a form that can be  absorbed & assimilated by the tissue of the body.
3, Absorption – the uptake of fluids by the tissues of the body.
4, Excretion – the elimination of waste products from the body.

Digestion Process:

Food enters into the GIT (Gastro-intestinal tract); different types of enzymes are secreted from various parts of the GI tract. These enzymes convert various food materials into small units for absorption into blood.

The digestive end products of different types of food

Food	Responsible Enzyme	Digestive end products
Carbohydrates	Amylase, Maltase, Sucrase	Gulcose, Fructose, Galactose
Proteins	Pepsin, Trypsin	Amino acids
Fat	Lipase	Fattu acids & Glycerol

Some common GI problems:
1, Dyspepsia (Indigestion); Dyspepsia is definedd as pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen may be associated with nausea,  vomiting, fullness, bloating & heartburn.

2, Nausea  and Vomiting: Disagreeable sensation of sickness wanting to vomit;

3, Anorexia : Loss of appetite ;

4, Constipation ; Infrequent passage of hard stool with difficult and painful defecation .

5, Diarrhoea: An increased stool frequency and loose watery stools ;

6, Stomatitis: Inflammation of the buccal mucous membrane.

7, Glossitis: Inflammation of the tongue.

8, Pyrrhoea: Inflammation of the gum.

9, Peptic Ulcer; Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer is known as peptic ulcer.

10, Gastric ulcer – ulcer within the inner wall (mucus membrane) of the Stomach.

11, Duodenal ulcer – ulcer within the duodenum.

Ulcer: a break in the skin or in the mucous membrane lining to GI tract that fails to heal & is often accompanied by inflammation.

12, Intestinal Amoebiasis: It is an infectious disease by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica characterized by loose or semi formed stools with abdominal cramps.

13, Bacillary Dysentery/Shigellosis: A common disease caused by Shigella characterized by acute inflammation, diarrhea with blood & mucous in the stool.

14, Jaundice: Increased bilirubin concentration in the body fluid.

15, Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver.

16, Hepatic Amoebiasis: Liver infection by amoeba.

17, Cirrhosis: Hepatic cellular damage.

18, Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder.

19, Enteric fever: Intestinal fever caused by salmonella typhae / S. Paratyphae.

20, Appendicitis: Inflammation of appendix.

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