12:05 PM
md arman
Cell is the structural & functional unit of living organism.
Type of cell:
On the basis of the structure of nucleus cell is of two types –
- Prokaryotic cell (e.g Bacteria)
- Eukaryotic cell (e.g Human cell)
On the basis of physiological function cell is of two types -
- Somatic cell (Body cell)
- Sex cell (Reproductive cell)
Function of a cell:
1. Function & assimilation – the process by which food substances are taken into the cells of the body after they have been digested & absorbed.
2. Growth & repair – Development & regeneration of organs.
3. Metabolism – the sum of all the chemical & physical changes that takes place within the body.
4. Respiration – the process of gaseous exchange.
5. Excretion - elimination of wastes product from the body.
6. Irritability & conductivity – Response to stimuli & communication with other cell.
Organelles (components) of cell:
A cell consists of –
1. Cell membrane – a semi-permeable membrane covering protoplasm. It protect the cell organelles.
2. protoplasm – it consist of Cytoplasm & Nucleus.
3. Cytoplasm – Except nucleus the rest of cell body is called Cytoplasm.
Organelles of Cytoplasm :
- It consist of-
- mitochondria: Rod-lide structure & is called power house of cell. Energy stored as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is a system of interconnecting membrane bound channels within the cytoplasm. Participate in protein synthesis.
- Golgy body : Canal – like structure that helps in synthesis of carbohydrate cell membrane.
- Lysosome: Are tiny granules composed of RNA (Ribo Nucleic Acid) (65% & Protein (35%). It consists of subunits: Large – 50s & Smaller – 30s. Synthesize cytoplasmic protein.
Nucleus:
Centrally located a round mass is called nucleus. It is separated from cytoplasm gy a nuclear membrane. It contains 46 chromosomes of which 23 from mother & 23 from father that contain genes. Genes are composed of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid – double helix structure of (chromosomes).
Chromosome:
There is some chromatin threads present inthe nucleus, called chromosome.
Chromosomes are the vital to the
everyday activities of the cell &
responsible for determining the hereditary
characteristics of the human body.
Functions of Nucleus:
- It produces Ribosome.
- Synthesize RNA & protein.
- It inherits the character to the offspring through genes.
- It influences growth & initiates divisions or reproduction of cell.
Parts of nucleus
- Nuclear membrane
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear reticulum or chromatin.
Structure of a cell
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